An average fuel pump requires around 4 to 10 amps of electrical power; the size of the pump itself and the requirements of the vehicle in its fuel system will determine that. This translates into about 50 to 120 watts, considering that most fuel pumps run on a 12-volt electrical system. On an electronically fuel-injected vehicle, a common-spec Fuel Pump would draw around 5 to 6 amps. More heavy-duty aftermarket or upgraded pumps, such as those in modified or turbocharged engines, draw closer to 10 amps due to their higher flow and pressure requirements.
Since it's obvious, power consumption directly affects the electrical load on both a vehicle's battery and alternator from a fuel pump. Drawing more power than what the pump is rated for can strain the electrical system-particularly for a high-performance application when the engine demands much more fuel to support higher horsepower. Examples would be: high-flow Fuel Pumps, capable of flowing 400 LPH at 100 psi, also require other ancillary electrical upgrades, such as a dedicated relay or thicker wiring, to account for the additional current draw.
Efficiency in power consumption would guarantee a longer life for both the Fuel Pump and electrical system in the vehicle. A worn or weakcan use up more power while working harder to supply fuel and normally reduces efficiency, leading to overheating. In 2018, Ford issued a recall for some of its flawed Fuel Pumps, which were causing intermittent power loss and putting excessive load on the electrical systems; this resulted in stalling of the engine and other defects in performance. This suggests proper power management.
The Fuel Pump draws the right amount of power to make your vehicle give optimal performance without putting too much load on its electrical system. Henry Ford once said that "if everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself," meaning each component of the vehicle must work in harmony, including the Fuel Pump and its power requirements.
Fuel Pump power specifications and compatibility information can be found in Further detail at Fuel Pump.